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Chip Design Glossary
===============================
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## Chip Architecture
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* [ADC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter): Analog to Digital Converter
* [Adder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_%28electronics%29): Circuit to add two numbers
* [Arbiter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbiter_%28electronics%29): Arbitrates between competing requesters
* [ASIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit): Application specific integrated circuit.
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* [CPU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit): Central processing unit
* [CSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-save_adder): Carry save adder
* [DAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter): Digital to Analog Converter
* [DDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_digital_synthesizer): Direct digital synthesis
* [DSP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processor): Digital signal processor
* [Ethernet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet): Family of standard network technologies
* [FPGA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array): Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing.
* [FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_%28computing_and_electronics%29): First in first out buffer
* [DRAM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory): Dynamic random-access semiconductor memory
* [Flash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory): Non-volatile semiconductor memory
* [FPU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point): Floating point unit
* [GPIO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_input/output): IO controllale at run time
* [Gray code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_code): Binary system where successive values differ by one bit
* [I2C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C): Multi-master 2 wire bus
* [LVDS}(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-voltage_differential_signaling): Low-voltage differential signaling (also TIA/EIA-644)
* [MUX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexer): Multiplexer
* [Multiplier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_multiplier): Binary multiplier
* [NCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerically_controlled_oscillator): Numerically controlled oscillator
* [NOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_on_a_chip): Network on a chip
* [PCIe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express): High Speed serial computer expansion bus
* [PIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_Interrupt_Controller): Programmable interrupt controller
* [PLL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-locked_loop): Phase locked loop
* [PWM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation): Pulse width modulation
* [Q](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_%28number_format%29): Q fixed point number format
* [ROM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory): Read only memory (denser than RAM)
* [Schmitt Trigger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmitt_trigger): Comparitor circuit wityh
* [SPI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus): Synchronous 4 wirem aster/slave interface
* [SRAM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_random-access_memory): Static random access semiconductor memory
* [UART](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver/transmitter): Asynchronous 2 wire point to point interface
* [USB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB): 2 wire point to point 5 V interface
* [8b10b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8b/10b_encoding): Code that maps 8-bits to 10bit DC balanced symbols
## Chip Design
* [Antenna effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_effect): Plasma induced gate oxide damage that can occur during semiconductor processing.
* [BIST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built-in_self-test): Built in Self Test
* [Chip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit): A set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.
* [Clock gating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_gating): Technique to save power in synchronous logic design. Dynamically shuts off unused portions of the clock tree.
* [CMOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS): Complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor
* [Cross talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk): The coupling of nearby signals on a chip, usually through capacitive coupling.
* [DEF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Exchange_Format): Design Exchange Format for layout
* [DFM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability): Extended DRC rules specifying how to make a high yielding design.
* [DFT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_for_testing): Design for Test
* [Die](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_%28integrated_circuit%29): Small block of semiconductor material that can be cut ("diced") from a silicon wafer
* [DRC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rule_checking): Design Rule Constraints specifying manufacturing constraints
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* [DV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_verification): Design Verification (DV) is the process of verifying that the logic design conforms to specification.
* [EDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_design_automation): Electronic Design Automation tools used to enhance chip design productivity.
* [Electromigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromigration): Transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms.
* [EMI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference): Electromagnetic interference
* [ESD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge): Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.
* [Fabless](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabless_manufacturing): The design and sale of semiconductor devices while outsourcing the manufacturing (fabrication) to 3rd party semiconductor foundries.
* [FEOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_end_of_line): Front end of line processing. Includes all chop processing up to but not including metal interconnect layers.
* [Flip-flop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)): A clocked circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. Usually understood to be clock edge sensitive.
* [Foundry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant): Semiconductor company offering manufacturing services
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* [GDSII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDSII): Binary format of design database sent to foundry
* [HDL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_description_language): Specialized hardware description lanaguage for describing electronic circuits.
* [IP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_intellectual_property_core): Semiconductor reusable design blocks containing author's Intellectual Property. Can be licensed under open source or commercial terms.
* [IP Vendors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_IP_core_vendors): List of commercial semiconductor IP vendors
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* [Jitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter): Deviation from perfect periodicity.
* [Latchup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latch-up):A type of short circuit that can occur in a chip due to inadvertent creation of a low-impedance path between the power supply rails of a MOSFET circuit, triggering a parasitic structure which disrupts proper functioning of the part.
* [Layout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit_layout): Representation of an integrated circuit in terms of planar geometric shapes which correspond to the patterns of metal, oxide, or semiconductor layers that make up the components of the integrated circuit.
* [LEF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Exchange_Format): Standard Cell Library Exchange Format layout
* [Logical Effort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_effort): Term coined by Ivan Sutherland and Bob Sproull as a straightforward technique used to normalize delays in a circuit.
* [LVS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layout_Versus_Schematic): Layout Versus Schematic software checks that the layout is identical to the netlist.
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* [Mask Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit_layout_design_protection): A special field of US intellectual properly law dedicated to 2D and 3D integrated circuit "layouts".
* [MLS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture_sensitivity_level): Packaging and handling precautions for some semiconductors.
* [Moore's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law): Observation by Gordon Moore that the number of transistors in an IC doubles approximately every two years.
* [MOSIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSIS): Foundry service project offering MPW and low volume manufacturing. Jointly funded by DARPA and NSF in 1986 and still active today.
* [MPW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-project_wafer_service): Multi-project wafer service that integrates multiple designs on one reticle. Also referred to as a shuttle.
* [Multi-threshold CMOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-threshold_CMOS): Variation of CMOS technology with multiple threshold voltages to offer designer more options for meeting power and performance targets.
* [Optical proximity correction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_proximity_correction): Photo-lithography enhancement technique used to compensate for image errors due to diffraction or process effects in semiconductor manufacturing.
* [PDK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_design_kit): Process design kits consist of a set of files that typically contain descriptions of the basic building blocks of the process.
* [Power gating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_gating): Technique used to reduce leakage/standby power by shutting of the supply to the circuit.
* [P&R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_and_route): Automated Place and Route of a circuit using an EDA tool
* [PVT Corners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_corners): Represents the extremes of the process, voltage, and temperature that could likely occur in a given semiconductor process. Can include combinations of FEOL (NMOS/PMOS) and BEOL, temperature (eg -40-->125 deg), and voltage (eg nominal +/- 10%).
* [RTL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register-transfer_level): Design abstraction which models digital circuit as storage registers and logical operations on the values of those registers.
* [SEU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_event_upset): Change of state caused by one single ionizing particle (ions, electrons, photons...) striking a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device
* [Signoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signoff_%28electronic_design_automation%29): The final stamp of approval that the design is ready to be sent to foundry for manufacturing.
* [SOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip): System On Chip
* [Spice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPICE): Open source analog electronic circuit simulator
* [STA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_timing_analysis): Method of computing the expected timing of a digital circuit without requiring a simulation of the full circuit.
* [Standard Cell Design](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_cell): The process of designing chips using fixed standard cell libraries. Design process only involves placing standard cells and routing them together using M1 and above.
* [Synthesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_synthesis): Translation of high level design description (eg Verilog) to a netlist format (eg standard cell gate level)
* [SystemC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemC): Set of C+ class and macros for simulation. Commonly used for high level modeling and testing
* [Tape-out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape-out): Act of sending photomask chip database ("layout") to the manufacturer.
* [TCL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl): Scripting language used by most of the leading EDA chip design tools.
* [Verilog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verilog): Hardware description language (HDL)
* [VLSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-large-scale_integration): Very large Integrated Circuit (somewhat outdated term, everything is VLSI today)
## Manufacturing
* [Back grinding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_backgrinding): Wafer thickness is reduced to allow for stacking and high density packaging. Also referred to as "wafer thinning".
* [BEOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_end_of_line): Back end of line processing for connecting together devices using metal interconnects.
* [Dicing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS): Act of cutting up wafer into individual dies
* [FinFet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multigate_device): Non planar, double-gate transistor.
* [Photo-lithography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolithography): Process used in micro-fabrication to pattern parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate.
* [Photomasks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask): Opaque plates with holes or transparencies that allow light to shine through in a defined pattern.
* [Reticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask): A set of photomasks used by a stepper to step and print patterns onto a silicon wafer.
* [Semiconductor Fabrication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication): Process used to create the integrated circuits that are present in everyday electrical and electronic devices.
* [Silicon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon): Chemical element (Si) forming the basis of the electronic revolution of the last 50 years. The eighth most common element in the universe by mass.
* [Silicon on insulator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_on_insulator): Layered siliconinsulatorsilicon substrate in place to reduce parasitic device capacitance, thereby improving performance.
* [Stepper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepper): Machine that passes light through reticle onto the silicon wafer being processed.
* [TSV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through-silicon_via): Vertical electrical connection (via) passing completely through a silicon wafer or die.
* [Wafer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)): Thin slice of semiconductor material used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits.
## Packaging
* [3D IC's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit): The process of stacking integrated circuits and connecting them through TSVs.
All entries backed up by neutral Wiki entries.
* [BGA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_grid_array): Ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits.
* [BGA substrate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_grid_array): A miniaturized PCB that mates the silicon die to BGA pins.
* [Bumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_chip): Placing of bumps on wafer/dies in preparation for package assembly
* [Flip-chip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_chip): Method of bonding a silicon die to package using solder bumps
* [IC Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit_packaging): Semiconductor die is encased in a supporting case "package".
* [Interposer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interposer): Electrical interface used to spread a connection to a wider pitch. Can be based on silicon, ceramic, or organic material.
* [KGD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_testing): Known Good Die. Dies that have been completely tested at wafer probe.
* [Leadframe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_frame): Metal structure inside a chip package that carry signals from the die to the outside. The die is glued to the leadframe and bond wires attach to the die pads.
* [POP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_on_package): Package on Package
* [SIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_in_package): System In Package
* [SMT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-mount_technology): Surface mount technology(SMT) is a system assembly method whereby the pacakaged chips are mounted directly onto the PCB surface.
* [Wirebond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_bonding): Method of bonding a silicon die to a package using wires
* [WSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer-scale_integration): Wafer scale integration
## Test
* [Arbitrary Waveform Generator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_waveform_generator): Electronic instrument used to generate arbitrary signal waveforms.
* [ATE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_test_equipment): Automatic Test Equipment for testing integrated circuits
* [Burn-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn-in): Process of screening parts for potential premature life time failures.
Chip Design Glossary
* [DIB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUT_board): Device Interface Board for interfacng DUT to ATE. Also called DUT board, probe card, load board, PIB.
* [DMM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimeter): Electronic instrument for measuring voltage, current, and resistance.
* [DUT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_under_test): Device under test
* [JTAG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Test_Action_Group): Industry standard for verifying and testing printed circuit boards after manufacturing. Also commonly used as a debug channel.
* [Logic Analyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_analyzer): Electronic instrument for capturing multiple digital signal from a system.
* [MCM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-chip_module): Multi-chip Module
* [Oscilloscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope): Electronic instrument for tracking the change of an electrical signal over time.
* [Probe Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_card): A direct interface between electronic test systems and a semiconductor wafer
* [Spectrum Analyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer): Electronic instrument for measuring the power of the spectrum of an unknown signal.