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oh/verilog/verilog_faq.md
2015-10-15 11:00:52 -04:00

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Markdown

----
## How to create a "Hello world" in verilog?
```verilog
module hello();
initial
begin
$display ("Hello World!");
end
endmodule
```
----
## How to write a verilog testbench?
EXAMPLE
----
## How to run a verilog simulation?
```
EXAMPLE
----
## How to write a state machine?
EXAMPLE
----
## How to create a synchronous flip-flop?
```
always @ (posedge clk)
if(reset)
q <= 1'b0;
else
q <= d;
```
EXAMPLE
----
## How to create an asynchronous flip-flop?
```
always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
if(reset)
q <= 1'b0;
else
q <= d;
```
----
## How to synchronize a reset across clock domains?
```
always @ (posedge tx_lclk_div4 or posedge tx_reset)
if(tx_reset)
reset_pipe_lclk_div4b[1:0] <= 2'b00;
else
reset_pipe_lclk_div4b[1:0] <= {reset_pipe_lclk_div4b[0],1'b1};
assign etx_reset = ~reset_pipe_lclk_div4b[1];
```
[EXAMPLE](http://github.com/parallella/oh/elink/hdl/etx_clocks.v)
----
## How to pass parameters at run time?
----
## How to parametrize a module?
----
## How to print a number/string with no leading white space?
```
$display("%0s\n", mystring);
```
----
## How to check for 'X' in test environments?
```
if(fail===1'bX)
```
http://www.sutherland-hdl.com/papers/2013-DVCon_In-love-with-my-X_paper.pdf
----------------------------------------
## What is the difference between a reg and a wire?
----------------------------------------
## How to access hierarchical signals?
Warning: only works in simulation, not in real designs.
----------------------------------------
## How to dump a waveform?
```
initial
begin
$dumpfile("test.vcd"); //file name to dump into
$dumpvars(0, top); //dump top level module
#10000
$finish; //end simulation
end
```
To dump the waves in .lxt2 format for gtkwave, set the following at the command line.
```
setenv IVERILOG_DUMPER lxt2
----------------------------------------
## How to initialize a memory from a file?
```
initial
begin
end
```
----------------------------------------
## How to view a waveform?
```
sudo apt-get install gtkwave
gtkwave test.vcd
```
-----------------------------------------
## How to reduce typing in emacs?
[Use verilog mode](Use verilog mode)
-----------------------------------------
## What are the most important emacs mode keywords?
* /*AUTOARG*/
* /*AUTOINST*/
* /*AUTOWIRE*/
* /*AUTOINPUT*/
* /*AUTOOUTPUT*/
* /*AUTOTEMPLATE*/
----------------------------------------
## How do I implement function "X"?
Single ported memory
Dual ported memory
Synchronous FIFO
Asynchronous FIFO
Mux2
Mux4
Carry Save Adder
Synchronizer
Clock divider