verilog-ethernet/README.md

# Verilog Ethernet Components Readme

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For more information and updates: http://alexforencich.com/wiki/en/verilog/ethernet/start

GitHub repository: https://github.com/alexforencich/verilog-ethernet

## Introduction

Collection of Ethernet-related components for gigabit, 10G, and 25G packet
processing (8 bit and 64 bit datapaths).  Includes modules for handling
Ethernet frames as well as IP, UDP, and ARP and the components for
constructing a complete UDP/IP stack.  Includes MAC modules for gigabit and
10G/25G, a 10G/25G PCS/PMA PHY module, and a 10G/25G combination MAC/PCS/PMA
module.  Includes various PTP related components for implementing systems that
require precise time synchronization.  Also includes full cocotb testbenches
that utilize [cocotbext-eth](https://github.com/alexforencich/cocotbext-eth).

For IP and ARP support only, use `ip_complete` (1G) or `ip_complete_64`
(10G/25G).

For UDP, IP, and ARP support, use `udp_complete` (1G) or `udp_complete_64`
(10G/25G).

Top level gigabit and 10G/25G MAC modules are `eth_mac_*`, with various
interfaces and with/without FIFOs.  Top level 10G/25G PCS/PMA PHY module is
`eth_phy_10g`.  Top level 10G/25G MAC/PCS/PMA combination module is
`eth_mac_phy_10g`.

PTP components include a configurable PTP clock (`ptp_clock`), a PTP clock CDC
module (`ptp_clock_cdc`) for transferring PTP time across clock domains, and a
configurable PTP period output module for precisely generating arbitrary
frequencies from PTP time.

Example designs implementing a simple UDP echo server are included for the
following boards:

*  Alpha Data ADM-PCIE-9V3 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU3P)
*  Digilent Arty A7 (Xilinx Artix 7 XC7A35T)
*  Digilent Atlys (Xilinx Spartan 6 XC6SLX45)
*  Intel Cyclone 10 LP (Intel Cyclone 10 10CL025YU256I7G)
*  Terasic DE2-115 (Intel Cyclone IV E EP4CE115F29C7)
*  Terasic DE5-Net (Intel Stratix V 5SGXEA7N2F45C2)
*  Exablaze ExaNIC X10 (Xilinx Kintex UltraScale XCKU035)
*  Exablaze ExaNIC X25 (Xilinx Kintex UltraScale+ XCKU3P)
*  HiTech Global HTG-V6HXT-100GIG-565 (Xilinx Virtex 6 XC6VHX565T)
*  Silicom fb2CG@KU15P (Xilinx Kintex UltraScale+ XCKU15P)
*  Xilinx KC705 (Xilinx Kintex 7 XC7K325T)
*  Xilinx ML605 (Xilinx Virtex 6 XC6VLX240T)
*  NetFPGA SUME (Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7V690T)
*  Digilent Nexys Video (Xilinx Artix 7 XC7A200T)
*  Intel Stratix 10 DX dev kit (Intel Stratix 10 DX 1SD280PT2F55E1VG)
*  Intel Stratix 10 MX dev kit (Intel Stratix 10 MX 1SM21CHU1F53E1VG)
*  Xilinx Alveo U50 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCU50)
*  Xilinx Alveo U200 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCU200)
*  Xilinx Alveo U250 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCU250)
*  Xilinx Alveo U280 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCU280)
*  Xilinx VCU108 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale XCVU095)
*  Xilinx VCU118 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU9P)
*  Xilinx VCU1525 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU9P)
*  Xilinx ZCU102 (Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ XCZU9EG)
*  Xilinx ZCU106 (Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ XCZU7EV)

## Documentation

### `arp` module

ARP handling logic with parametrizable retry timeout parameters and
parametrizable datapath.

### `arp_cache` module

Basic hash-based cache for ARP entries.  Parametrizable depth.  

### `arp_eth_rx` module

ARP frame receiver with parametrizable datapath.

### `arp_eth_tx` module

ARP frame transmitter with parametrizable datapath.

### `axis_eth_fcs` module

Ethernet frame check sequence calculator.

### `axis_eth_fcs_64` module

Ethernet frame check sequence calculator with 64 bit datapath for 10G/25G
Ethernet.

### `axis_eth_fcs_check` module

Ethernet frame check sequence checker.

### `axis_eth_fcs_insert` module

Ethernet frame check sequence inserter.

### `axis_gmii_rx` module

AXI stream GMII/MII frame receiver with clock enable and MII select.

### `axis_gmii_tx` module

AXI stream GMII/MII frame transmitter with clock enable and MII select.

### `axis_xgmii_rx_32` module

AXI stream XGMII frame receiver with 32 bit datapath.

### `axis_xgmii_rx_64` module

AXI stream XGMII frame receiver with 64 bit datapath.

### `axis_xgmii_tx_32` module

AXI stream XGMII frame transmitter with 32 bit datapath.

### `axis_xgmii_tx_64` module

AXI stream XGMII frame transmitter with 64 bit datapath.

### `eth_arb_mux` module

Ethernet frame arbitrated multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port
count.  Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `eth_axis_rx` module

Ethernet frame receiver with parametrizable datapath.

### `eth_axis_tx` module

Ethernet frame transmitter with parametrizable datapath.

### `eth_demux` module

Ethernet frame demultiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `eth_mac_1g` module

Gigabit Ethernet MAC with GMII interface.

### `eth_mac_1g_fifo` module

Gigabit Ethernet MAC with GMII interface and FIFOs.

### `eth_mac_1g_gmii` module

Tri-mode Ethernet MAC with GMII/MII interface and automatic PHY rate
adaptation logic.

### `eth_mac_1g_gmii_fifo` module

Tri-mode Ethernet MAC with GMII/MII interface, FIFOs, and automatic PHY rate
adaptation logic.

### `eth_mac_1g_rgmii` module

Tri-mode Ethernet MAC with RGMII interface and automatic PHY rate adaptation
logic.

### `eth_mac_1g_rgmii_fifo` module

Tri-mode Ethernet MAC with RGMII interface, FIFOs, and automatic PHY rate
adaptation logic.

### `eth_mac_10g` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC with XGMII interface.  Datapath selectable between 32 and
64 bits.

### `eth_mac_10g_fifo` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC with XGMII interface and FIFOs.  Datapath selectable
between 32 and 64 bits.

### `eth_mac_mii` module

Ethernet MAC with MII interface.

### `eth_mac_mii_fifo` module

Ethernet MAC with MII interface and FIFOs.

### `eth_mac_phy_10g` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC/PHY combination module with SERDES interface.

### `eth_mac_phy_10g_fifo` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC/PHY combination module with SERDES interface and FIFOs.

### `eth_mac_phy_10g_rx` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC/PHY combination module with SERDES interface, RX path.

### `eth_mac_phy_10g_tx` module

10G/25G Ethernet MAC/PHY combination module with SERDES interface, TX path.

### `eth_mux` module

Ethernet frame multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `eth_phy_10g` module

10G/25G Ethernet PCS/PMA PHY.

### `eth_phy_10g_rx` module

10G/25G Ethernet PCS/PMA PHY receive-side logic.

### `eth_phy_10g_rx_ber_mon` module

10G/25G Ethernet PCS/PMA PHY BER monitor.

### `eth_phy_10g_rx_frame_sync` module

10G/25G Ethernet PCS/PMA PHY frame synchronizer.

### `eth_phy_10g_tx` module

10G/25G Ethernet PCS/PMA PHY transmit-side logic.

### `gmii_phy_if` module

GMII/MII PHY interface and clocking logic.

### `ip` module

IPv4 block with 8 bit data width for gigabit Ethernet.  Manages IPv4 packet
transmission and reception.  Interfaces with ARP module for MAC address lookup.

### `ip_64` module

IPv4 block with 64 bit data width for 10G/25G Ethernet.  Manages IPv4 packet
transmission and reception.  Interfaces with ARP module for MAC address lookup.

### `ip_arb_mux` module

IP frame arbitrated multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `ip_complete` module

IPv4 module with ARP integration.

Top level for gigabit IP stack.

### `ip_complete_64` module

IPv4 module with ARP integration and 64 bit data width for 10G/25G Ethernet.

Top level for 10G/25G IP stack.

### `ip_demux` module

IP frame demultiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `ip_eth_rx` module

IP frame receiver.

### `ip_eth_rx_64` module

IP frame receiver with 64 bit datapath for 10G/25G Ethernet.

### `ip_eth_tx` module

IP frame transmitter.

### `ip_eth_tx_64` module

IP frame transmitter with 64 bit datapath for 10G/25G Ethernet.

### `ip_mux` module

IP frame multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `lfsr` module

Fully parametrizable combinatorial parallel LFSR/CRC module.

### `mii_phy_if` module

MII PHY interface and clocking logic.

### `ptp_clock` module

PTP clock module with PPS output.  Generates both 64 bit and 96 bit timestamp
formats.  Fine frequency adjustment supported with configurable fractional
nanoseconds field.

### `ptp_clock_cdc` module

PTP clock CDC module with PPS output.  Use this module to transfer and deskew a
free-running PTP clock across clock domains.  Supports both 64 and 96 bit
timestamp formats.

### `ptp_ts_extract` module

PTP timestamp extract module.  Use this module to extract a PTP timestamp
embedded in the `tuser` sideband signal of an AXI stream interface.

### `ptp_perout` module

PTP period output module.  Generates a pulse output, configurable in absolute
start time, period, and width, based on PTP time from a PTP clock.

### `rgmii_phy_if` module

RGMII PHY interface and clocking logic.

### `udp` module

UDP block with 8 bit data width for gigabit Ethernet.  Manages UDP packet
transmission and reception.

### `udp_64` module

UDP block with 64 bit data width for 10G/25G Ethernet.  Manages UDP packet
transmission and reception.

### `udp_arb_mux` module

UDP frame arbitrated multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port
count.  Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `udp_checksum_gen` module

UDP checksum generator module.  Calculates UDP length, IP length, and
UDP checksum fields.

### `udp_checksum_gen_64` module

UDP checksum generator module with 64 bit datapath.  Calculates UDP
length, IP length, and UDP checksum fields.

### `udp_complete` module

UDP module with IPv4 and ARP integration.

Top level for gigabit UDP stack.

### `udp_complete_64` module

UDP module with IPv4 and ARP integration and 64 bit data width for 10G
Ethernet.

Top level for 10G/25G UDP stack.

### `udp_demux` module

UDP frame demultiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `udp_ip_rx` module

UDP frame receiver.

### `udp_ip_rx_64` module

UDP frame receiver with 64 bit datapath for 10G/25G Ethernet.

### `udp_ip_tx` module

UDP frame transmitter.

### `udp_ip_tx_64` module

UDP frame transmitter with 64 bit datapath for 10G/25G Ethernet.

### `udp_mux` module

UDP frame multiplexer with parametrizable data width and port count.
Supports priority and round-robin arbitration.

### `xgmii_baser_dec_64` module

XGMII 10GBASE-R decoder for 10G PCS/PMA PHY.

### `xgmii_baser_enc_64` module

XGMII 10GBASE-R encoder for 10G PCS/PMA PHY.

### `xgmii_deinterleave` module

XGMII de-interleaver for interfacing with PHY cores that interleave the
control and data lines.

### `xgmii_interleave` module

XGMII interleaver for interfacing with PHY cores that interleave the control
and data lines.

### Common signals

    tdata   : Data (width generally DATA_WIDTH)
    tkeep   : Data word valid (width generally KEEP_WIDTH, present on _64 modules)
    tvalid  : Data valid
    tready  : Sink ready
    tlast   : End-of-frame
    tuser   : Bad frame (valid with tlast & tvalid)

### Source Files

    rtl/arp.v                       : ARP handling logic
    rtl/arp_cache.v                 : ARP LRU cache
    rtl/arp_eth_rx.v                : ARP frame receiver
    rtl/arp_eth_tx.v                : ARP frame transmitter
    rtl/eth_arb_mux.py              : Ethernet frame arbitrated multiplexer generator
    rtl/axis_eth_fcs.v              : Ethernet FCS calculator
    rtl/axis_eth_fcs_64.v           : Ethernet FCS calculator (64 bit)
    rtl/axis_eth_fcs_insert.v       : Ethernet FCS inserter
    rtl/axis_eth_fcs_check.v        : Ethernet FCS checker
    rtl/axis_gmii_rx.v              : AXI stream GMII/MII receiver
    rtl/axis_gmii_tx.v              : AXI stream GMII/MII transmitter
    rtl/axis_xgmii_rx_32.v          : AXI stream XGMII receiver (32 bit)
    rtl/axis_xgmii_rx_64.v          : AXI stream XGMII receiver (64 bit)
    rtl/axis_xgmii_tx_32.v          : AXI stream XGMII transmitter (32 bit)
    rtl/axis_xgmii_tx_64.v          : AXI stream XGMII transmitter (64 bit)
    rtl/eth_arb_mux.v               : Ethernet frame arbitrated multiplexer
    rtl/eth_axis_rx.v               : Ethernet frame receiver
    rtl/eth_axis_tx.v               : Ethernet frame transmitter
    rtl/eth_demux.v                 : Ethernet frame demultiplexer
    rtl/eth_mac_1g.v                : Gigabit Ethernet GMII MAC
    rtl/eth_mac_1g_fifo.v           : Gigabit Ethernet GMII MAC with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_1g_gmii.v           : Tri-mode Ethernet GMII/MII MAC
    rtl/eth_mac_1g_gmii_fifo.v      : Tri-mode Ethernet GMII/MII MAC with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_1g_rgmii.v          : Tri-mode Ethernet RGMII MAC
    rtl/eth_mac_1g_rgmii_fifo.v     : Tri-mode Ethernet RGMII MAC with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_10g.v               : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC
    rtl/eth_mac_10g_fifo.v          : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_mii.v               : Ethernet MII MAC
    rtl/eth_mac_mii_fifo.v          : Ethernet MII MAC with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_phy_10g.v           : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC/PHY
    rtl/eth_mac_phy_10g_fifo.v      : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC/PHY with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_phy_10g_rx.v        : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC/PHY RX with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mac_phy_10g_tx.v        : 10G/25G Ethernet XGMII MAC/PHY TX with FIFO
    rtl/eth_mux.v                   : Ethernet frame multiplexer
    rtl/gmii_phy_if.v               : GMII PHY interface
    rtl/iddr.v                      : Generic DDR input register
    rtl/ip.v                        : IPv4 block
    rtl/ip_64.v                     : IPv4 block (64 bit)
    rtl/ip_arb_mux.v                : IP frame arbitrated multiplexer
    rtl/ip_complete.v               : IPv4 stack (IP-ARP integration)
    rtl/ip_complete_64.v            : IPv4 stack (IP-ARP integration) (64 bit)
    rtl/ip_demux.v                  : IP frame demultiplexer
    rtl/ip_eth_rx.v                 : IPv4 frame receiver
    rtl/ip_eth_rx_64.v              : IPv4 frame receiver (64 bit)
    rtl/ip_eth_tx.v                 : IPv4 frame transmitter
    rtl/ip_eth_tx_64.v              : IPv4 frame transmitter (64 bit)
    rtl/ip_mux.v                    : IP frame multiplexer
    rtl/lfsr.v                      : Generic LFSR/CRC module
    rtl/mii_phy_if.v                : MII PHY interface
    rtl/oddr.v                      : Generic DDR output register
    rtl/ptp_clock.v                 : PTP clock
    rtl/ptp_clock_cdc.v             : PTP clock CDC
    rtl/ptp_ts_extract.v            : PTP timestamp extract
    rtl/ptp_perout.v                : PTP period out
    rtl/rgmii_phy_if.v              : RGMII PHY interface
    rtl/ssio_ddr_in.v               : Generic source synchronous IO DDR input module
    rtl/ssio_ddr_in_diff.v          : Generic source synchronous IO DDR differential input module
    rtl/ssio_ddr_out.v              : Generic source synchronous IO DDR output module
    rtl/ssio_ddr_out_diff.v         : Generic source synchronous IO DDR differential output module
    rtl/ssio_sdr_in.v               : Generic source synchronous IO SDR input module
    rtl/ssio_sdr_in_diff.v          : Generic source synchronous IO SDR differential input module
    rtl/ssio_sdr_out.v              : Generic source synchronous IO SDR output module
    rtl/ssio_sdr_out_diff.v         : Generic source synchronous IO SDR differential output module
    rtl/udp.v                       : UDP block
    rtl/udp_64.v                    : UDP block (64 bit)
    rtl/udp_arb_mux.v               : UDP frame arbitrated multiplexer
    rtl/udp_checksum_gen.v          : UDP checksum generator
    rtl/udp_checksum_gen_64.v       : UDP checksum generator (64 bit)
    rtl/udp_complete.v              : UDP stack (IP-ARP-UDP)
    rtl/udp_complete_64.v           : UDP stack (IP-ARP-UDP) (64 bit)
    rtl/udp_demux.v                 : UDP frame demultiplexer
    rtl/udp_ip_rx.v                 : UDP frame receiver
    rtl/udp_ip_rx_64.v              : UDP frame receiver (64 bit)
    rtl/udp_ip_tx.v                 : UDP frame transmitter
    rtl/udp_ip_tx_64.v              : UDP frame transmitter (64 bit)
    rtl/udp_mux.v                   : UDP frame multiplexer
    rtl/xgmii_baser_dec_64.v        : XGMII 10GBASE-R decoder
    rtl/xgmii_baser_enc_64.v        : XGMII 10GBASE-R encoder
    rtl/xgmii_deinterleave.v        : XGMII data/control de-interleaver
    rtl/xgmii_interleave.v          : XGMII data/control interleaver

### AXI Stream Interface Example

transfer with header data

                  __    __    __    __    __    __    __
    clk        __/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__
               ______________                   ___________
    hdr_ready                \_________________/
                        _____ 
    hdr_valid  ________/     \_____________________________
                        _____
    hdr_data   XXXXXXXXX_HDR_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
                        ___________ _____ _____
    tdata      XXXXXXXXX_A0________X_A1__X_A2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                        ___________ _____ _____
    tkeep      XXXXXXXXX_K0________X_K1__X_K2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                        _______________________
    tvalid     ________/                       \___________
                              _________________
    tready     ______________/                 \___________
                                          _____
    tlast      __________________________/     \___________

    tuser      ____________________________________________


two byte transfer with sink pause after each byte

              __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __
    clk    __/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__
                    _____ _________________
    tdata  XXXXXXXXX_D0__X_D1______________XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
                    _____ _________________
    tkeep  XXXXXXXXX_K0__X_K1______________XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
                    _______________________
    tvalid ________/                       \_______________________
           ______________             _____             ___________
    tready               \___________/     \___________/
                          _________________
    tlast  ______________/                 \_______________________

    tuser  ________________________________________________________


two back-to-back packets, no pauses

              __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __
    clk    __/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__
                    _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
    tdata  XXXXXXXXX_A0__X_A1__X_A2__X_B0__X_B1__X_B2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                    _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
    tkeep  XXXXXXXXX_K0__X_K1__X_K2__X_K0__X_K1__X_K2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                    ___________________________________
    tvalid ________/                                   \___________
           ________________________________________________________
    tready
                                _____             _____
    tlast  ____________________/     \___________/     \___________

    tuser  ________________________________________________________


bad frame

              __    __    __    __    __    __
    clk    __/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__/  \__
                    _____ _____ _____
    tdata  XXXXXXXXX_A0__X_A1__X_A2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                    _____ _____ _____
    tkeep  XXXXXXXXX_K0__X_K1__X_K2__XXXXXXXXXXXX
                    _________________
    tvalid ________/                 \___________
           ______________________________________
    tready
                                _____
    tlast  ____________________/     \___________
                                _____
    tuser  ____________________/     \___________


## Testing

Running the included testbenches requires [cocotb](https://github.com/cocotb/cocotb), [cocotbext-axi](https://github.com/alexforencich/cocotbext-axi), [cocotbext-eth](https://github.com/alexforencich/cocotbext-eth), and [Icarus Verilog](http://iverilog.icarus.com/).  The testbenches can be run with pytest directly (requires [cocotb-test](https://github.com/themperek/cocotb-test)), pytest via tox, or via cocotb makefiles.