2016-09-30 11:33:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
# 控件2
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
本章我们继续介绍PyQt5控件。这次的有`QPixmap`,`QLineEdit`,`QSplitter`,和`QComboBox`。
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 图片
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`QPixmap`是处理图片的组件。本例中,我们使用`QPixmap`在窗口里显示一张图片。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
|
|
|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this example, we dispay an image
|
|
|
|
|
on the window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Author: Jan Bodnar
|
|
|
|
|
Website: zetcode.com
|
|
|
|
|
Last edited: August 2017
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout,
|
|
|
|
|
QLabel, QApplication)
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Example(QWidget):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
super().__init__()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.initUI()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def initUI(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
|
|
|
|
|
pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lbl = QLabel(self)
|
|
|
|
|
lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hbox.addWidget(lbl)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setLayout(hbox)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.move(300, 200)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setWindowTitle('Red Rock')
|
|
|
|
|
self.show()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
|
|
|
|
|
ex = Example()
|
|
|
|
|
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
创建一个`QPixmap`对象,接收一个文件作为参数。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
lbl = QLabel(self)
|
|
|
|
|
lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
把`QPixmap`实例放到`QLabel`组件里。
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
程序展示:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![pixmap](./images/7-pixmap.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 行编辑
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`QLineEdit`组件提供了编辑文本的功能,自带了撤销、重做、剪切、粘贴、拖拽等功能。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
|
|
|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This example shows text which
|
|
|
|
|
is entered in a QLineEdit
|
|
|
|
|
in a QLabel widget.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Author: Jan Bodnar
|
|
|
|
|
Website: zetcode.com
|
|
|
|
|
Last edited: August 2017
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
|
|
|
|
|
QLineEdit, QApplication)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Example(QWidget):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
super().__init__()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.initUI()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def initUI(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl = QLabel(self)
|
|
|
|
|
qle = QLineEdit(self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
qle.move(60, 100)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.move(60, 40)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setWindowTitle('QLineEdit')
|
|
|
|
|
self.show()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def onChanged(self, text):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.setText(text)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.adjustSize()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
|
|
|
|
|
ex = Example()
|
|
|
|
|
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
例子中展示了一个编辑组件和一个标签,我们在输入框里键入的文本,会立即在标签里显示出来。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
qle = QLineEdit(self)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
创建一个`QLineEdit`对象。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
如果输入框的值有变化,就调用`onChanged()`方法。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
def onChanged(self, text):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.setText(text)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.adjustSize()
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
在`onChanged()`方法内部,我们把文本框里的值赋值给了标签组件,然后调用`adjustSize()`方法让标签自适应文本内容。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
程序展示:
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![QLineEdit](./images/7-qlineedit.png)
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## QSplitter
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`QSplitter`组件能让用户通过拖拽分割线的方式改变子窗口大小的组件。本例中我们展示用两个分割线隔开的三个`QFrame`组件。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
|
|
|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This example shows
|
|
|
|
|
how to use QSplitter widget.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Author: Jan Bodnar
|
|
|
|
|
Website: zetcode.com
|
|
|
|
|
Last edited: August 2017
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QFrame,
|
|
|
|
|
QSplitter, QStyleFactory, QApplication)
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Example(QWidget):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
super().__init__()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.initUI()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def initUI(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
topleft = QFrame(self)
|
|
|
|
|
topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
topright = QFrame(self)
|
|
|
|
|
topright.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bottom = QFrame(self)
|
|
|
|
|
bottom.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter1.addWidget(topright)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter2.addWidget(bottom)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hbox.addWidget(splitter2)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setLayout(hbox)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setWindowTitle('QSplitter')
|
|
|
|
|
self.show()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def onChanged(self, text):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.setText(text)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.adjustSize()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
|
|
|
|
|
ex = Example()
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
三个窗口和两个分割线的布局创建完成了,但是要注意,有些主题下,分割线的显示效果不太好。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
topleft = QFrame(self)
|
|
|
|
|
topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
为了更清楚的看到分割线,我们使用了设置好的子窗口样式。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter1.addWidget(topright)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
创建一个`QSplitter`组件,并在里面添加了两个框架。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
|
|
|
|
|
splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
也可以在分割线里面再进行分割。
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
程序展示:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:14:42 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![QSplitter widget](./images/7-qsplitter.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 下拉选框
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
`QComboBox`组件能让用户在多个选择项中选择一个。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
|
|
|
|
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This example shows how to use
|
|
|
|
|
a QComboBox widget.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
Author: Jan Bodnar
|
|
|
|
|
Website: zetcode.com
|
|
|
|
|
Last edited: August 2017
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
|
|
|
|
|
QComboBox, QApplication)
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Example(QWidget):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
super().__init__()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.initUI()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def initUI(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl = QLabel("Ubuntu", self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combo = QComboBox(self)
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Mandriva")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Fedora")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Arch")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Gentoo")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combo.move(50, 50)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.move(50, 150)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
|
|
|
|
|
self.setWindowTitle('QComboBox')
|
|
|
|
|
self.show()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def onActivated(self, text):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.setText(text)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.adjustSize()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
|
|
|
|
|
ex = Example()
|
|
|
|
|
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
本例包含了一个`QComboBox`和一个`QLabel`。下拉选择框有五个选项,都是Linux的发行版名称,标签内容为选定的发行版名称。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
combo = QComboBox(self)
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Mandriva")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Fedora")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Arch")
|
|
|
|
|
combo.addItem("Gentoo")
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
创建一个`QComboBox`组件和五个选项。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
在选中的条目上调用`onActivated()`方法。
|
2017-08-10 20:00:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
def onActivated(self, text):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.setText(text)
|
|
|
|
|
self.lbl.adjustSize()
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
在方法内部,设置标签内容为选定的字符串,然后设置自适应文本大小。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
程序展示:
|
2016-10-08 15:48:58 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-08 16:25:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![QComboBox](./images/7-qcombobox.png)
|