Update 菜单和工具栏.md

菜单和工具栏.md

@@ -1,2 +1,258 @@
 # 菜单和工具栏
+这个章节，我们会创建菜单和工具栏。菜单是一组位于菜单栏的命令。工具栏是应用的一些常用工具按钮。
 
+## 主窗口
+QMainWindow提供了主窗口的功能，使用它能创建一些简单的状态栏、工具栏和菜单栏。
+
+## 状态栏
+
+状态栏是用来显示应用的状态信息的组件。
+A statusbar is a widget that is used for displaying status information.
+
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 
+
+This program creates a statusbar.
+
+author: Jan Bodnar
+website: zetcode.com 
+last edited: January 2015
+"""
+
+import sys
+from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
+
+
+class Example(QMainWindow):
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        
+        self.initUI()
+        
+        
+    def initUI(self):               
+        
+        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')
+        
+        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
+        self.setWindowTitle('Statusbar')    
+        self.show()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    
+    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
+    ex = Example()
+    sys.exit(app.exec_())
+The statusbar is created with the help of the QMainWindow widget.
+
+self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')
+To get the statusbar, we call the statusBar() method of the QtGui.QMainWindow class. The first call of the method creates a status bar. Subsequent calls return the statusbar object. The showMessage() displays a message on the statusbar.
+
+## 菜单栏
+A menubar is a common part of a GUI application. It is a group of commands located in various menus. (Mac OS treats menubars differently. To get a similar outcome, we can add the following line: menubar.setNativeMenuBar(False).)
+
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 
+
+This program creates a menubar. The
+menubar has one menu with an exit action.
+
+author: Jan Bodnar
+website: zetcode.com 
+last edited: January 2015
+"""
+
+import sys
+from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication
+from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
+
+
+class Example(QMainWindow):
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        
+        self.initUI()
+        
+        
+    def initUI(self):               
+        
+        exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)        
+        exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
+        exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
+        exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
+
+        self.statusBar()
+
+        menubar = self.menuBar()
+        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
+        fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
+        
+        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
+        self.setWindowTitle('Menubar')    
+        self.show()
+        
+        
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    
+    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
+    ex = Example()
+    sys.exit(app.exec_())  
+In the above example, we create a menubar with one menu. This menu will contain one action which will terminate the application if selected. A statusbar is created as well. The action is accessible with the Ctrl+Q shortcut.
+
+exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)        
+exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
+exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
+A QAction is an abstraction for actions performed with a menubar, toolbar, or with a custom keyboard shortcut. In the above three lines, we create an action with a specific icon and an 'Exit' label. Furthermore, a shortcut is defined for this action. The third line creates a status tip which is shown in the statusbar when we hover a mouse pointer over the menu item.
+
+exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
+When we select this particular action, a triggered signal is emitted. The signal is connected to the quit() method of the QApplication widget. This terminates the application.
+
+menubar = self.menuBar()
+fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
+fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
+The menuBar() method creates a menubar. We create a file menu and append the exit action to it.
+
+## 工具栏
+
+Menus group all commands that we can use in an application. Toolbars provide a quick access to the most frequently used commands.
+
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 
+
+This program creates a toolbar.
+The toolbar has one action, which
+terminates the application, if triggered.
+
+author: Jan Bodnar
+website: zetcode.com 
+last edited: January 2015
+"""
+
+import sys
+from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication
+from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
+
+
+class Example(QMainWindow):
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        
+        self.initUI()
+        
+        
+    def initUI(self):               
+        
+        exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
+        exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
+        exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
+        
+        self.toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
+        self.toolbar.addAction(exitAction)
+        
+        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
+        self.setWindowTitle('Toolbar')    
+        self.show()
+        
+        
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    
+    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
+    ex = Example()
+    sys.exit(app.exec_())
+In the above example, we create a simple toolbar. The toolbar has one tool action, an exit action which terminates the application when triggered.
+
+exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
+exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
+exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
+Similar to the menubar example above, we create an action object. The object has a label, icon, and a shorcut. A quit() method of the QtGui.QMainWindow is connected to the triggered signal.
+
+self.toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
+self.toolbar.addAction(exitAction)
+Here we create a toolbar and plug and action object into it.
+
+程序展示：
+
+![toolbar](./images/2-toolbar.png)
+## 主窗口
+
+In the last example of this section, we will create a menubar, toolbar, and a statusbar. We will also create a central widget.
+
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 
+
+This program creates a skeleton of
+a classic GUI application with a menubar,
+toolbar, statusbar, and a central widget. 
+
+author: Jan Bodnar
+website: zetcode.com 
+last edited: January 2015
+"""
+
+import sys
+from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QTextEdit, QAction, QApplication
+from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
+
+
+class Example(QMainWindow):
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        
+        self.initUI()
+        
+        
+    def initUI(self):               
+        
+        textEdit = QTextEdit()
+        self.setCentralWidget(textEdit)
+
+        exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
+        exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
+        exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')
+        exitAction.triggered.connect(self.close)
+
+        self.statusBar()
+
+        menubar = self.menuBar()
+        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
+        fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
+
+        toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
+        toolbar.addAction(exitAction)
+        
+        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 250)
+        self.setWindowTitle('Main window')    
+        self.show()
+        
+        
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    
+    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
+    ex = Example()
+    sys.exit(app.exec_())
+This code example creates a skeleton of a classic GUI application with a menubar, toolbar, and a statusbar.
+
+textEdit = QTextEdit()
+self.setCentralWidget(textEdit)
+Here we create a text edit widget. We set it to be the central widget of the QMainWindow. The central widget will occupy all space that is left.
+
+程序展示：
+
+![mainwindow](./images/2-mainwindow.png)