# 控件2 本章我们继续介绍PyQt5控件。这次的有`QPixmap`,`QLineEdit`,`QSplitter`,和`QComboBox`。 ## 图片 `QPixmap`是处理图片的组件。本例中,我们使用`QPixmap`在窗口里显示一张图片。 ```python #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial In this example, we dispay an image on the window. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QApplication) from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap import sys class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): hbox = QHBoxLayout(self) pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png") lbl = QLabel(self) lbl.setPixmap(pixmap) hbox.addWidget(lbl) self.setLayout(hbox) self.move(300, 200) self.setWindowTitle('Red Rock') self.show() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_()) ``` ``` pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png") ``` 创建一个`QPixmap`对象,接收一个文件作为参数。 ``` lbl = QLabel(self) lbl.setPixmap(pixmap) ``` 把`QPixmap`实例放到`QLabel`组件里。 程序展示: ![pixmap](./images/7-pixmap.png) ## 行编辑 `QLineEdit`组件提供了编辑文本的功能,自带了撤销、重做、剪切、粘贴、拖拽等功能。 ```python #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial This example shows text which is entered in a QLineEdit in a QLabel widget. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit, QApplication) class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): self.lbl = QLabel(self) qle = QLineEdit(self) qle.move(60, 100) self.lbl.move(60, 40) qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged) self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170) self.setWindowTitle('QLineEdit') self.show() def onChanged(self, text): self.lbl.setText(text) self.lbl.adjustSize() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_()) ``` 例子中展示了一个编辑组件和一个标签,我们在输入框里键入的文本,会立即在标签里显示出来。 ``` qle = QLineEdit(self) ``` 创建一个`QLineEdit`对象。 ``` qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged) ``` 如果输入框的值有变化,就调用`onChanged()`方法。 ``` def onChanged(self, text): self.lbl.setText(text) self.lbl.adjustSize() ``` 在`onChanged()`方法内部,我们把文本框里的值赋值给了标签组件,然后调用`adjustSize()`方法让标签自适应文本内容。 程序展示: ![QLineEdit](./images/7-qlineedit.png) ## QSplitter `QSplitter`组件能让用户通过拖拽分割线的方式改变子窗口大小的组件。本例中我们展示用两个分割线隔开的三个`QFrame`组件。 ```python #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial This example shows how to use QSplitter widget. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QFrame, QSplitter, QStyleFactory, QApplication) from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt import sys class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): hbox = QHBoxLayout(self) topleft = QFrame(self) topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel) topright = QFrame(self) topright.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel) bottom = QFrame(self) bottom.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel) splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal) splitter1.addWidget(topleft) splitter1.addWidget(topright) splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical) splitter2.addWidget(splitter1) splitter2.addWidget(bottom) hbox.addWidget(splitter2) self.setLayout(hbox) self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200) self.setWindowTitle('QSplitter') self.show() def onChanged(self, text): self.lbl.setText(text) self.lbl.adjustSize() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_()) ``` 三个窗口和两个分割线的布局创建完成了,但是要注意,有些主题下,分割线的显示效果不太好。 ``` topleft = QFrame(self) topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel) ``` 为了更清楚的看到分割线,我们使用了设置好的子窗口样式。 ``` splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal) splitter1.addWidget(topleft) splitter1.addWidget(topright) ``` 创建一个`QSplitter`组件,并在里面添加了两个框架。 ``` splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical) splitter2.addWidget(splitter1) ``` 也可以在分割线里面再进行分割。 程序展示: ![QSplitter widget](./images/7-qsplitter.png) ## 下拉选框 `QComboBox`组件能让用户在多个选择项中选择一个。 ```python #!/usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial This example shows how to use a QComboBox widget. Author: Jan Bodnar Website: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017 """ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel, QComboBox, QApplication) import sys class Example(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.initUI() def initUI(self): self.lbl = QLabel("Ubuntu", self) combo = QComboBox(self) combo.addItem("Ubuntu") combo.addItem("Mandriva") combo.addItem("Fedora") combo.addItem("Arch") combo.addItem("Gentoo") combo.move(50, 50) self.lbl.move(50, 150) combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated) self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200) self.setWindowTitle('QComboBox') self.show() def onActivated(self, text): self.lbl.setText(text) self.lbl.adjustSize() if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) ex = Example() sys.exit(app.exec_()) ``` 本例包含了一个`QComboBox`和一个`QLabel`。下拉选择框有五个选项,都是Linux的发行版名称,标签内容为选定的发行版名称。 ``` combo = QComboBox(self) combo.addItem("Ubuntu") combo.addItem("Mandriva") combo.addItem("Fedora") combo.addItem("Arch") combo.addItem("Gentoo") ``` 创建一个`QComboBox`组件和五个选项。 ``` combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated) ``` 在选中的条目上调用`onActivated()`方法。 ``` def onActivated(self, text): self.lbl.setText(text) self.lbl.adjustSize() ``` 在方法内部,设置标签内容为选定的字符串,然后设置自适应文本大小。 程序展示: ![QComboBox](./images/7-qcombobox.png)