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https://github.com/maicss/PyQt5-Chinese-tutorial.git
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359 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
359 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
# 对话框
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对话框是一个现代GUI应用不可或缺的一部分。对话是两个人之间的交流，对话框就是人与电脑之间的对话。对话框用来输入数据，修改数据，修改应用设置等等。
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## 输入文字
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`QInputDialog`提供了一个简单方便的对话框，可以输入字符串，数字或列表。
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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In this example, we receive data from
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a QInputDialog dialog.
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Aauthor: Jan Bodnar
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Website: zetcode.com
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Last edited: August 2017
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"""
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QLineEdit,
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QInputDialog, QApplication)
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import sys
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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self.btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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self.btn.move(20, 20)
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self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
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self.le = QLineEdit(self)
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self.le.move(130, 22)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150)
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self.setWindowTitle('Input dialog')
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self.show()
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def showDialog(self):
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text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog',
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'Enter your name:')
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if ok:
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self.le.setText(str(text))
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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这个示例有一个按钮和一个输入框，点击按钮显示对话框，输入的文本会显示在输入框里。
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```
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text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog',
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'Enter your name:')
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```
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这是显示一个输入框的代码。第一个参数是输入框的标题，第二个参数是输入框的占位符。对话框返回输入内容和一个布尔值，如果点击的是OK按钮，布尔值就返回True。
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```
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if ok:
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self.le.setText(str(text))
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```
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把得到的字符串放到输入框里。
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程序展示：
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## 选取颜色
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QColorDialog提供颜色的选择。
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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In this example, we select a color value
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from the QColorDialog and change the background
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color of a QFrame widget.
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Author: Jan Bodnar
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Website: zetcode.com
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Last edited: August 2017
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"""
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QFrame,
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QColorDialog, QApplication)
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from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
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import sys
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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col = QColor(0, 0, 0)
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self.btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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self.btn.move(20, 20)
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self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
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self.frm = QFrame(self)
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self.frm.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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% col.name())
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self.frm.setGeometry(130, 22, 100, 100)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 180)
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self.setWindowTitle('Color dialog')
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self.show()
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def showDialog(self):
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col = QColorDialog.getColor()
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if col.isValid():
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self.frm.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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% col.name())
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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例子里有一个按钮和一个`QFrame`，默认的背景颜色为黑色，我们可以使用`QColorDialog`改变背景颜色。
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```
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col = QColor(0, 0, 0)
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```
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初始化`QtGui.QFrame`的背景颜色。
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```
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col = QColorDialog.getColor()
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```
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弹出一个`QColorDialog`对话框。
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```
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if col.isValid():
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self.frm.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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% col.name())
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```
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我们可以预览颜色，如果点击取消按钮，没有颜色值返回，如果颜色是我们想要的，就从取色框里选择这个颜色。
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程序展示：
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## 选择字体
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`QFontDialog`能做字体的选择。
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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In this example, we select a font name
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and change the font of a label.
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Author: Jan Bodnar
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Website: zetcode.com
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Last edited: August 2017
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"""
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton,
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QSizePolicy, QLabel, QFontDialog, QApplication)
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import sys
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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vbox = QVBoxLayout()
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btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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btn.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Fixed,
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QSizePolicy.Fixed)
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btn.move(20, 20)
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vbox.addWidget(btn)
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btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
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self.lbl = QLabel('Knowledge only matters', self)
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self.lbl.move(130, 20)
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vbox.addWidget(self.lbl)
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self.setLayout(vbox)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 180)
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self.setWindowTitle('Font dialog')
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self.show()
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def showDialog(self):
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font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
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if ok:
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self.lbl.setFont(font)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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我们创建了一个有一个按钮和一个标签的`QFontDialog`的对话框，我们可以使用这个功能修改字体样式。
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```
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font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
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```
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弹出一个字体选择对话框。`getFont()`方法返回一个字体名称和状态信息。状态信息有OK和其他两种。
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```
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if ok:
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self.label.setFont(font)
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```
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如果点击OK，标签的字体就会随之更改。
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程序展示：
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## 选择文件
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`QFileDialog`给用户提供文件或者文件夹选择的功能。能打开和保存文件。
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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In this example, we select a file with a
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QFileDialog and display its contents
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in a QTextEdit.
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Author: Jan Bodnar
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Website: zetcode.com
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Last edited: August 2017
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"""
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QMainWindow, QTextEdit,
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QAction, QFileDialog, QApplication)
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from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
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import sys
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class Example(QMainWindow):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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self.textEdit = QTextEdit()
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self.setCentralWidget(self.textEdit)
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self.statusBar()
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openFile = QAction(QIcon('open.png'), 'Open', self)
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openFile.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
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openFile.setStatusTip('Open new File')
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openFile.triggered.connect(self.showDialog)
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menubar = self.menuBar()
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fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
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fileMenu.addAction(openFile)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
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self.setWindowTitle('File dialog')
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self.show()
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def showDialog(self):
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fname = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file', '/home')
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if fname[0]:
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f = open(fname[0], 'r')
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with f:
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data = f.read()
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self.textEdit.setText(data)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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本例中有一个菜单栏，一个置中的文本编辑框，一个状态栏。点击菜单栏选项会弹出一个`QtGui.QFileDialog`对话框，在这个对话框里，你能选择文件，然后文件的内容就会显示在文本编辑框里。
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```
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class Example(QMainWindow):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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```
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这里设置了一个文本编辑框，文本编辑框是基于`QMainWindow`组件的。
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```
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fname = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file', '/home')
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```
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弹出`QFileDialog`窗口。`getOpenFileName()`方法的第一个参数是说明文字，第二个参数是默认打开的文件夹路径。默认情况下显示所有类型的文件。
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```
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if fname[0]:
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f = open(fname[0], 'r')
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with f:
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data = f.read()
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self.textEdit.setText(data)
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```
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读取选中的文件，并显示在文本编辑框内（但是打开HTML文件时，是渲染后的结果，汗）。
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程序展示：
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