自定义控件

PyQt5有丰富的组件，但是还是满足不了所有开发者的所有需求的，PyQt5只提供了基本的组件，像按钮，文本，滑块等。如果你还需要其他的模块，应该尝试自己去自定义一些。

自定义组件使用绘画工具创建，有两个基本方式：根据已有的创建或改进；通过自己绘图创建。

这个组件我们会在Nero，K3B，或者其他CD/DVD烧录软件中见到。

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial 

In this example, we create a custom widget.

author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com 
last edited: January 2015
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QSlider, QApplication, 
    QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, Qt, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QFont, QColor, QPen


class Communicate(QObject):
    
    updateBW = pyqtSignal(int)


class BurningWidget(QWidget):
  
    def __init__(self):      
        super().__init__()
        
        self.initUI()
        
        
    def initUI(self):
        
        self.setMinimumSize(1, 30)
        self.value = 75
        self.num = [75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600, 675]


    def setValue(self, value):

        self.value = value


    def paintEvent(self, e):
      
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawWidget(qp)
        qp.end()
      
      
    def drawWidget(self, qp):
      
        font = QFont('Serif', 7, QFont.Light)
        qp.setFont(font)

        size = self.size()
        w = size.width()
        h = size.height()

        step = int(round(w / 10.0))


        till = int(((w / 750.0) * self.value))
        full = int(((w / 750.0) * 700))

        if self.value >= 700:
            
            qp.setPen(QColor(255, 255, 255))
            qp.setBrush(QColor(255, 255, 184))
            qp.drawRect(0, 0, full, h)
            qp.setPen(QColor(255, 175, 175))
            qp.setBrush(QColor(255, 175, 175))
            qp.drawRect(full, 0, till-full, h)
            
        else:
            
            qp.setPen(QColor(255, 255, 255))
            qp.setBrush(QColor(255, 255, 184))
            qp.drawRect(0, 0, till, h)


        pen = QPen(QColor(20, 20, 20), 1, 
            Qt.SolidLine)
            
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.setBrush(Qt.NoBrush)
        qp.drawRect(0, 0, w-1, h-1)

        j = 0

        for i in range(step, 10*step, step):
          
            qp.drawLine(i, 0, i, 5)
            metrics = qp.fontMetrics()
            fw = metrics.width(str(self.num[j]))
            qp.drawText(i-fw/2, h/2, str(self.num[j]))
            j = j + 1
            

class Example(QWidget):
    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.initUI()
        
        
    def initUI(self):      

        sld = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
        sld.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
        sld.setRange(1, 750)
        sld.setValue(75)
        sld.setGeometry(30, 40, 150, 30)

        self.c = Communicate()        
        self.wid = BurningWidget()
        self.c.updateBW[int].connect(self.wid.setValue)

        sld.valueChanged[int].connect(self.changeValue)
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addWidget(self.wid)
        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.addStretch(1)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)
        self.setLayout(vbox)
        
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 390, 210)
        self.setWindowTitle('Burning widget')
        self.show()
        
        
    def changeValue(self, value):
             
        self.c.updateBW.emit(value)        
        self.wid.repaint()
        
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

In our example, we have a QSlider and a custom widget. A slider controls the custom widget. This widget shows graphically the total capacity of a medium and the free space available to us. The minimum value of our custom widget is 1, the maximum is 750. If we reach value 700, we begin drawing in red colour. This normally indicates overburning.

The burning widget is placed at the bottom of the window. This is achieved using one QHBoxLayout and one QVBoxLayout.

class BurningWidget(QWidget):
  
    def __init__(self):      
        super().__init__()

The burning widget it based on the QWidget widget.

self.setMinimumSize(1, 30)

We change the minimum size (height) of the widget. The default value is a bit small for us.

font = QFont('Serif', 7, QFont.Light)
qp.setFont(font)

We use a smaller font than the default one. This better suits our needs.

size = self.size()
w = size.width()
h = size.height()

step = int(round(w / 10.0))


till = int(((w / 750.0) * self.value))
full = int(((w / 750.0) * 700))

We draw the widget dynamically. The greater is the window, the greater is the burning widget and vice versa. That is why we must calculate the size of the widget onto which we draw the custom widget. The till parameter determines the total size to be drawn. This value comes from the slider widget. It is a proportion of the whole area. The full parameter determines the point where we begin to draw in red colour. Notice the use of floating point arithmetics to achieve greater precision in drawing.

The actual drawing consists of three steps. We draw the yellow or the red and yellow rectangle. Then we draw the vertical lines which divide the widget into several parts. Finally, we draw the numbers which indicate the capacity of the medium.

metrics = qp.fontMetrics()
fw = metrics.width(str(self.num[j]))
qp.drawText(i-fw/2, h/2, str(self.num[j]))

We use font metrics to draw the text. We must know the width of the text in order to center it around the vertical line.

def changeValue(self, value):
          
    self.c.updateBW.emit(value)        
    self.wid.repaint()

When we move the slider, the changeValue() method is called. Inside the method, we send a custom updateBW signal with a parameter. The parameter is the current value of the slider. The value is later used to calculate the capacity of the Burning widget to be drawn. The custom widget is then repainted.

The burning widget Figure: The burning widget

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自定义控件

Burning widget

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