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330 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
330 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
# 控件2
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本章我们继续介绍PyQt5控件。这次的有`QPixmap`，`QLineEdit`，`QSplitter`，和`QComboBox`。
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## QPixmap
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`QPixmap`是处理图片的组件。本例中，我们使用`QPixmap`在窗口里显示一张图片。
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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In this example, we dispay an image
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on the window.
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author: Jan Bodnar
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website: zetcode.com
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last edited: January 2015
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"""
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import sys
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout,
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QLabel, QApplication)
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from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
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pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")
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lbl = QLabel(self)
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lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
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hbox.addWidget(lbl)
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self.setLayout(hbox)
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self.move(300, 200)
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self.setWindowTitle('Red Rock')
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self.show()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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```
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pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")
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```
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创建一个`QPixmap`对象，接收一个文件作为参数。
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```
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lbl = QLabel(self)
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lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
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```
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把`QPixmap`实例放到`QLabel`组件里。
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## QLineEdit
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`QLineEdit`组件提供了编辑文本的功能，自带了撤销、重做、剪切、粘贴、拖拽等功能。
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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This example shows text which
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is entered in a QLineEdit
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in a QLabel widget.
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author: Jan Bodnar
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website: zetcode.com
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last edited: January 2015
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"""
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import sys
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
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QLineEdit, QApplication)
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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self.lbl = QLabel(self)
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qle = QLineEdit(self)
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qle.move(60, 100)
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self.lbl.move(60, 40)
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qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
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self.setWindowTitle('QLineEdit')
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self.show()
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def onChanged(self, text):
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self.lbl.setText(text)
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self.lbl.adjustSize()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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例子中展示了一个编辑组件和一个标签，我们在输入框里键入的文本，会立即在标签里显示出来。
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```
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qle = QLineEdit(self)
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```
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创建一个`QLineEdit`对象。
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```
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qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)
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```
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如果输入框的值有变化，就调用`onChanged()`方法。
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```
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def onChanged(self, text):
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self.lbl.setText(text)
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self.lbl.adjustSize()
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```
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在`onChanged()`方法内部，我们把文本框里的值赋值给了标签组件，然后调用`adjustSize()`方法让标签自适应文本内容。
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程序展示：
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## QSplitter
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`QSplitter`组件能让用户通过拖拽分割线的方式改变子窗口大小的组件。本例中我们展示用两个分割线隔开的三个`QFrame`组件。
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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This example shows
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how to use QSplitter widget.
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author: Jan Bodnar
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website: zetcode.com
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last edited: January 2015
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"""
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import sys
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QFrame,
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QSplitter, QStyleFactory, QApplication)
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from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
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topleft = QFrame(self)
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topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
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topright = QFrame(self)
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topright.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
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bottom = QFrame(self)
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bottom.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
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splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
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splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
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splitter1.addWidget(topright)
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splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
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splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
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splitter2.addWidget(bottom)
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hbox.addWidget(splitter2)
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self.setLayout(hbox)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
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self.setWindowTitle('QSplitter')
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self.show()
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def onChanged(self, text):
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self.lbl.setText(text)
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self.lbl.adjustSize()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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三个窗口和两个分割线的布局创建完成了，但是要注意，有些主题下，分割线的显示效果不太好。
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```
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topleft = QFrame(self)
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topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
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```
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为了更清楚的看到分割线，我们使用了设置好的子窗口样式。
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```
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splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
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splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
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splitter1.addWidget(topright)
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```
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创建一个`QSplitter`组件，并在里面添加了两个框架。
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```
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splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
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splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
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```
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也可以在分割线里面再进行分割。
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##QComboBox
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`QComboBox`组件能让用户在多个选择项中选择一个。
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
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This example shows how to use
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a QComboBox widget.
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author: Jan Bodnar
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website: zetcode.com
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last edited: January 2015
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"""
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import sys
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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
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QComboBox, QApplication)
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class Example(QWidget):
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.initUI()
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def initUI(self):
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self.lbl = QLabel("Ubuntu", self)
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combo = QComboBox(self)
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combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
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combo.addItem("Mandriva")
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combo.addItem("Fedora")
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combo.addItem("Arch")
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combo.addItem("Gentoo")
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combo.move(50, 50)
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self.lbl.move(50, 150)
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combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)
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self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
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self.setWindowTitle('QComboBox')
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self.show()
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def onActivated(self, text):
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self.lbl.setText(text)
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self.lbl.adjustSize()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app = QApplication(sys.argv)
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ex = Example()
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sys.exit(app.exec_())
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```
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本例包含了一个`QComboBox`和一个`QLabel`。下拉选择框有五个选项，都是Linux的发行版名称，标签内容为选定的发行版名称。
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```
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combo = QComboBox(self)
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combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
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combo.addItem("Mandriva")
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combo.addItem("Fedora")
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combo.addItem("Arch")
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combo.addItem("Gentoo")
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```
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创建一个`QComboBox`组件和五个选项。
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```
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combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)
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```
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在选中的条目上调用`onActivated()`方法。
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```
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def onActivated(self, text):
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self.lbl.setText(text)
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self.lbl.adjustSize()
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```
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在方法内部，设置标签内容为选定的字符串，然后设置自适应文本大小。
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程序展示：
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